Introduction herbal plants are used in a world wide. Its aroma makes calamus essential oil valued in the perfume industry. The species acorus calamus is native to the southeastern united states, growing in wet areas in marshes and ditches. Acorus calamus ac is a semiaquatic, perennial, aromatic herb with creeping rhizomes. Information regarding the known ethnobotanical and economic uses of the rhizome and aromatic essential oil as a flavoring agent is given, as well as its medicinal uses and value as an insecticide. Due to its growing medicinal use, it is being rapidly extracted from wild. Sweet flag acorus calamus is commonly known drug in traditional system of medicine. Aerial part of acorus calamus swelling and for constipation. Araceae protected the renal tissue effectively from cisplatininduced toxicity. Species tolerates seasonal inundation, but may be killed by inundation of 1 foot or more of water for prolonged periods. This plant is being practiced traditionally in the indian ayurvedic tradition, as well as in the. Sweet flag is useful for the treatment of skin infections such as eczema and scabies.
It has been long known for its medicinal value, it is wild or. A clinical study on the management of generalized anxiety. Medicinal properties of acorus calamus kumar amit, vandana rajendra institute of medical sciences, ranchi, jharkhand, india834009 corresponding authors email. They contain varying amounts of essential oil rich in mono and sesquiterpenes such as acorone. Acorus calamus grows either as wild or cultivated crop throughout india ascending upto 1800 meters in the himalayas. Ten plant species with the largest number of medicinal uses. The herb rarely produces in vitro method of vegetative multiplication of acorus calamus would have considerable benefits for the medicinal trade and germplasm conservation. A continuing gradual decline of this species is taking place in the population of the northeastern himalayas. The rhizomes contain oil which has many medicinal uses. Donepezil was taken as a cognition enhancer standard drug.
Interestingly, the distribution of native american tribes reported to use acorus corresponds to the range of the native species. Sweet flag has long been known for its medicinal value, and has been cultivated in asia for this reason. It looks rather grasslike, until closer inspection reveals the arumlike cluster of flowers the spadix, visible in the picture at right. Acorus calamus is a tall perennial plant belonging to the acorus genus. Acorus calamus medicinal uses the root is carminative, slightly tonic, and excitant, and forms a useful adjunct to other tonics and stimulants. Jcm free fulltext role of vacha acorus calamus linn. It is a main medhya drug, which has the property of impr. In rabbit aorta rings, crude extract was more potent against high k 80 mm, ethylacetate against phenylephrine 1. It has medicinal uses for a wide variety of ailments. Due to its medicinal uses, the rhizome of sweet flag is in high demand and thus overexploited. Abstract acorus calamus sweet flag is a wetland perennial monocot plant, in which the scented leaves and rhizomes have been traditionally used medicinally against different ailments like, fever. In normotensive anesthetized rats, crude extract of acorus calamus and its ethylacetate and nhexane fractions caused a fall in mean arterial pressure. The genus acorus imitative from acoron coreon the pupil of the eye in addition to the species calamus is imitative from the greek word calamos a reed. Phase i metabolism of asarone isomers results in a multiple spectrum of genotoxic metabolites.
Kumanan horticultural research station, tamilnadu agricultural university, pechiparai, 629161. For healthy skin, the concentrate of vacha, lactose is utilized as a part of making shower arrangement. Calamus root acorus calamus calamus is an herb that thrives in semiaquatic environments and in a terrain of mud and sludge found along the shallow banks of lakes and ponds similar to the muddled state of mind that it apparently is well known for treating. It is a tall perennial wetland monocot with scented leaves and more strongly scented rhizomes, which have been used medicinally, for its. The extracts of medicinal plants hemidesmus indicus l. Zhongguo zhong yao za zhi, insulin sensitizing activity of ethyl acetate fraction of acorus calamus l. This arrangement gives saturating impact on the skin. Acorus calamus scientific validation of ayurvedic tradition from. The effects that this herb can have on the nervous system are well known and proven. It is a highly valued herb as it acts as a rejuvenator for brain and nervous system. A liquid chromatographytandem mass spectrometry lcmsms method. Pdf traditional uses of wetland medicinal plant acorus.
Acorus calamus is a semiaquatic, perennial aromatic herb. Commonly known as sweet flag, belongs to the family araceae adoraceae. Lena hermes, janis romermann, benedikt cramer, melanie esselen. It originated in europe but extensively used in ayurveda, particularly to enhance memory.
Medicinal action and uses calamus was formerly much esteemed as an aromatic stimulant and mild tonic. Many ethnomedicinal and ethnobotanical uses have been ascribed to the rhizomes of the plant. The ancient egyptians rarely mentioned the plant in medicinal contexts the aforementioned. Our range of acorus calamus rhizomes is widely used in the production of different types of cosmetics. A perennial herb, the rhizone of which contains mucilage, sesquiterpenes and volatile oils azulene, camphor, cineole, eugenol, pinene and others. Dukes phytochemical and ethnobotanical databases at nal. Acorus calamus, commonly known as sweet flag, has a long history of use in the treatment of a variety of ailments including inflammation, chest pain, digestive disorders and some mental illnesses. Pdf acorus calamus sweet flag is a wetland perennial monocot plant, in which the. Journal of medicinal and aromatical plant sciences 2001, 71 2, 187189.
Acorus calamus sweet flag calamus pfaf plant database. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 2021, 69 2, 776782. The rhizome of the plant has medicinal properties against bugs. Acorus calamus, commonly known as sweet flag or calamus sanskrit.
There has been much hue and cry about the toxicity of a. Accepted 8 july, 2010 acorus calamus sweet flag is a wetland perennial monocot plant, in which the scented leaves and. Plant, count artemisia ludoviciana white sage, 242 achillea millefolium yarrow, 257 acorus calamus calamus, 259 rumex crispus curly dock, 150 artemisia tridentata sagebrush, 250 mentha arvensis wild mint, 234 sambucus nigra black elderberry, 303 cornus sericea red osier. It has been an item of trade in many cultures for thousands of years. Calamus looks back at a long history of traditional medicinal use, both in chinese and indian, as well as european, medicine. Their rhizomes were used for toothache and powdered rhizome for. Lewis carroll uses the plant in through the lookingglass as a symbol of the fleeting nature of childhood. Ancient chinese used the rhizome against swelling and constipation.
Vacha, sweet flag acorus calamus uses, benefits, dosage. Haimavati, vacha, and various rushes and sedges,is a plant from the acoraceae family, in the genus acorus. An overview on traditional uses and pharmacological profile. Bach is a popular medicinal plant used in several ayurvedic formulations in india. The medicinal plant names are ginko biloba, acorus calamus, cinnamomum zelayanicum, and glycyrrhiza glabra.
Calamus laboratory for cellular metabolism and engineering. Usda nrcs rose lake plant materials center alternate names calamus uses cultural primarily, sweet flag is or was known by the american indian tribes and early settlers for its medicinal value. Rhizome use in emetic, kil lice nervous system, throat infection diarrheal, smallpox, respiratory,gastrointestinal track,gout rheumatism and mental disorder treatment. An overview on various properties and pharmacological. Recent work has documented the existence of two separate species, a. Acorus calamus is a semiaquatic plant that likes to grow with wet feet, often alongside irises, cattails, and other water weeds. Before sharing sensitive information online, make sure youre on a.
Phytochemical investigations, extraction and thin layer. An overview on traditional uses and pharmacological. Thus, the question arises whether structural analogues of the known phase i metabolites also naturally occur in a. Chinese system of medicine for analgesic, antipyretic. Seedset is very low and vegetative propagation is the chief. Acorus calamus, agaricus bisporus and silver nanoparticles. Toxicity mammalian toxicity and carcinogenicity of asarones.
Sarah carnes view larger image calamus is not a well known herb in modern western herbalism and medicinei didnt learn about it in naturopathic medical school so most of my peers dont know it, but in an extracurricular program taught by some of the leading herbalists in the country. Having a certain quality management system, we are willingly active in bringing forth a comprehensive variety of acorus calamus extract. Present study investigated the attenuating role of acorus calamus plant extract in chronic constriction. Phytochemicals of acorus calamus sweet flag journal of. It is used in ayurveda, siddha, unani and homeopathy for domestic consumption and export purposes.
It is a tall perennial wetland monocot plant from the. It is indeed interesting to see that ayurvedic texts like the cakradatta have recommended the purification of calamus root before use. Chinese medicine in traditional chinese medicine, sweet flag has been used for deafness, seizures and vertigo. On concoction examination, it has been discovered that the herb contains an unpredictable oil from 1. Acorus calamus sweet flag has a long history of use and has numerous traditional and ethnomedicinal applications. Dec 29, 2015 acorus calamus is used as a sedative to induce sweating. Current status on biological activities of calamus. The family araceae comprise with reference to 110 genera in addition to more than 1,800 species. It is a tall perennial wetland monocot with scented leaves and more strongly scented rhizomes, which have been used medicinally, for its odor, and as an allegedly psychotropic drug. Amelioration of cisplatininduced nephrotoxicity by extracts. Araceae, is an indigenous plant, traditionally it is used as an ingredient of various cocktail preparations and for the management of severe inflammatory disorders in indian system of medicine. In india and europe, it is the calamus variety that is used almost exclusively in herbal remedies and food flavorings.
All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license. The leaves and rhizomes of these wetland monocot plants have a strong fragrance. The former is an introduced sterile triploid, while the latter is a native fertile diploid. Acorus calamus sweet flag preferred water depth and inundation tolerance prefers 620 inches max. Leaves used wound to kil lice and stem for cough, cold, and toothache. Abstract acorus calamus araceae, commonly, known as sweet flag is a semiaquatic, perennial, aromatic herb with creeping rhizome. Provided by ars systematic botany and mycology laboratory. Acorus calamus is one of the important herbs known fo. Since ancient times, it has been used in various systems of medicines such as ayurveda, unani, siddha, chinese medicine, etc. Pdf acorus calamus sweet flag is a wetland perennial monocot plant, in which.
It is a main medhya drug, which has the property of improving the memory power and intellect. For medicinal purposes, rhizomes are collected in early spring, or in late fall. Taking cue from physical and economic scarcity farmers in karnataka have planned for the. It has many traditional uses all over the world and is wellknown as a digestive and carminative. It can cause kidney damage, shaking, and seizures the fda prohibits calamus use in food products because three of the four species of calamus found in the world contain a cancercausing chemical called betaisoasarone. The concentrate of a calamus root is one of the significant constituents in the definition of general tonic in regard of hair. Pdf chemical and pesticidal studies on acorus calamus. Distribution area rhizomes of acorus calamus information regarding the chemical constituents and ethnomedicinal uses of acorus calamus, thus will help to the researchers and scientists to take action for future study in this displine. Plant products are used as main source of medicine throughout the world for treating various human ailments. It has been used for centuries, however, in ayurvedic medicine as a renowned rejuvenator of the nervous system for conditions of anxiety, hysteria, insomnia, neurasthenia, and other nervous complaints. Many plants harvested in wild in india are used by local people as medicinenext to their source of food, for shelter and various livelihood needs. This article utilizes still popular medicinal herbal plant acorus calamus rhizome as a decisive substitute for exclusion of basic green 4 bg 4, a cationic dye from its aqueous solutions by making use of batch investigational system.
Acorus calamus definition of acorus calamus by medical. Nutritional values and nutritional facts of vacha acorus calamus vacha contains basic oil, for example, asarone, calemen, calamenos and calameon. Acoraceae is a traditional indian medicinal herb, which is practiced to treat a wide range of health ailments, including neurological, gastrointestinal, respiratory, metabolic, kidney, and liver disorders. Medicinal and aromatic plant pdf free download by icar ecourse. In addition, a discussion of the nomenclature, history, and folklore of acorus calamus is included. Nov 22, 2014 this page was last edited on 22 november 2014, at 06.
Araceae commonly known as sweet flag, sweet sedge, myrtle flag is a semiaquatic, perennial, aromatic. Micropropagation, polyphenol content and biological properties of. These plants are sometimes mistakenly referred to as sedges or rushes. Ayurveda, unani, siddha and chinese medicine for the. It is used in ailments like bronchitis, nervous disorders, colic, chest pain, diarrhoea, flatulence, ingestion, rheumatism, cough, fever, depression, tumors, skin diseases, acts as cryoprotective. The ethnobotany of sweet flag, acorus calamus araceae. Acorus calamus is a herb used for the appetite and as an aid to the digestion.
In china, however, classical herb primers have clearly identified the acorus gramineus jinqianpu and acorus tatarinowii shichangpu species as most suitable for medicinal use. Blood pressurelowering and vascular modulator effects of. Traditional uses of wetland medicinal plant acorus calamus. Acorus calamus root and oil health benefits, uses, effects.
Although the preparation of this species and the ailments it treats vary somewhat. Many plants are found to possess reliable pharmacological properties and have started to attract the attention of researchers. The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive uptodate report on its ethnomedicinal use, phytochemistry, and pharmacotherapeutic potential, while. Rajput in his abstract in an overview on traditional uses and pharmacological profile of acorus calamus mention the many properties from acorus.
The structure of the compound was confirmed by chemical and spectroscopic techniques including high resolution 1hnmr, cnmr, hh cosy and hmbc. If you want to add it to the cue, or if you can provide any additional information, photos or reliable use records of this muthi plant, please leave a comment below, or in the muthi flora of southern africa facebook group traditional medicinal uses of acorus calamus. Although used in traditional medicine over centuries to treat digestive disorders and pain, there is no clinical evidence for its safety or efficacy and ingested calamus may be toxic leading to its commercial. Calamus oil is used in perfumery an alcoholate is made with 3 kilos to 3. Acorus calamus sweet flag is a wetland perennial monocot plant, in which the scented leaves and rhizomes have been traditionally used medicinally against different ailments like, fever, asthma, bronchitis, cough and mainly for digestive problems such as gas, bloating, colic, and poor digestive. Sweet flag is presently classified as an unsafe herb for internal usage by the fda. It is well known for its bitter taste, spiciness and its aromatic smell. Acorus calamus also called sweet flag or calamus, among many common names is a species of flowering plant, a tall wetland monocot of the family acoraceae, in the genus acorus. Acorus calamus has been found to contain an alkaloid that may be carcinogenic. Acorus calamus supplement health benefits, dosage, side. Acorus calamus sweet flag is a wetland perennial monocot plant, in which the scented leaves and rhizomes have been traditionally used medicinally against different ailments like, fever, asthma. In the ayurvedic system of medicine, the rhizomes of.
The members of this family are rhizomatous or tuberous herbs. Ethnobotany database native plant ethnobotany research program. Acorus calamus is not in the expanded monograph processing cue. The scented leaves and rhizomes of sweet flag have been traditionally used as a medicine and the dried and powdered rhizome has a spicy flavour and is used as. Due to varied uses, there has been demand for the plant. Based on toxicity data on percentage mortality and corrected mortality due to the effect of acorus calamus rhizome extract with petroleum ether, acetone. Asarone derivatives in acorus calamus and herbal food products by hplcmsms. It may be used in cases of flatulent colic, atonic dyspepsia, feebleness of the digestive organs, and to aid the action of cinchona or quinine in intermittents as recommended by ayurved.
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