The genus acorus imitative from acoron coreon the pupil of the eye in addition to the species calamus is imitative from the greek word calamos a reed. Chinese system of medicine for analgesic, antipyretic. The rhizomes contain oil which has many medicinal uses. Abstract acorus calamus araceae, commonly, known as sweet flag is a semiaquatic, perennial, aromatic herb with creeping rhizome. Micropropagation, polyphenol content and biological properties of. A liquid chromatographytandem mass spectrometry lcmsms method. Usda nrcs rose lake plant materials center alternate names calamus uses cultural primarily, sweet flag is or was known by the american indian tribes and early settlers for its medicinal value. Distribution area rhizomes of acorus calamus information regarding the chemical constituents and ethnomedicinal uses of acorus calamus, thus will help to the researchers and scientists to take action for future study in this displine. Ethnobotany database native plant ethnobotany research program. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license.
Journal of medicinal and aromatical plant sciences 2001, 71 2, 187189. Seedset is very low and vegetative propagation is the chief. Calamus laboratory for cellular metabolism and engineering. These plants are sometimes mistakenly referred to as sedges or rushes. Since ancient times, it has been used in various systems of medicines such as ayurveda, unani, siddha, chinese medicine, etc. The effects that this herb can have on the nervous system are well known and proven. Medicinal action and uses calamus was formerly much esteemed as an aromatic stimulant and mild tonic. Acorus calamus is one of the important herbs known fo. Asarone derivatives in acorus calamus and herbal food products by hplcmsms.
Current status on biological activities of calamus. Many plants harvested in wild in india are used by local people as medicinenext to their source of food, for shelter and various livelihood needs. An overview on traditional uses and pharmacological. Acoraceae is a traditional indian medicinal herb, which is practiced to treat a wide range of health ailments, including neurological, gastrointestinal, respiratory, metabolic, kidney, and liver disorders. Our range of acorus calamus rhizomes is widely used in the production of different types of cosmetics. Sarah carnes view larger image calamus is not a well known herb in modern western herbalism and medicinei didnt learn about it in naturopathic medical school so most of my peers dont know it, but in an extracurricular program taught by some of the leading herbalists in the country. Haimavati, vacha, and various rushes and sedges,is a plant from the acoraceae family, in the genus acorus. Based on toxicity data on percentage mortality and corrected mortality due to the effect of acorus calamus rhizome extract with petroleum ether, acetone.
Acorus calamus ac is a semiaquatic, perennial, aromatic herb with creeping rhizomes. On concoction examination, it has been discovered that the herb contains an unpredictable oil from 1. Vacha, sweet flag acorus calamus uses, benefits, dosage. Acorus calamus, agaricus bisporus and silver nanoparticles.
For medicinal purposes, rhizomes are collected in early spring, or in late fall. Acorus calamus sweet flag has a long history of use and has numerous traditional and ethnomedicinal applications. Araceae protected the renal tissue effectively from cisplatininduced toxicity. Acorus calamus is a semiaquatic plant that likes to grow with wet feet, often alongside irises, cattails, and other water weeds. A perennial herb, the rhizone of which contains mucilage, sesquiterpenes and volatile oils azulene, camphor, cineole, eugenol, pinene and others. Before sharing sensitive information online, make sure youre on a. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 2021, 69 2, 776782. Ancient chinese used the rhizome against swelling and constipation. Acorus calamus is a reedlike, aquatic plant with a pungent smell that has been used medicinally since biblical times. Provided by ars systematic botany and mycology laboratory. Calamus looks back at a long history of traditional medicinal use, both in chinese and indian, as well as european, medicine. Phytochemical investigations, extraction and thin layer. It is a tall perennial wetland monocot plant from the.
This article utilizes still popular medicinal herbal plant acorus calamus rhizome as a decisive substitute for exclusion of basic green 4 bg 4, a cationic dye from its aqueous solutions by making use of batch investigational system. If you want to add it to the cue, or if you can provide any additional information, photos or reliable use records of this muthi plant, please leave a comment below, or in the muthi flora of southern africa facebook group traditional medicinal uses of acorus calamus. Acorus calamus, commonly known as sweet flag, has a long history of use in the treatment of a variety of ailments including inflammation, chest pain, digestive disorders and some mental illnesses. Their rhizomes were used for toothache and powdered rhizome for. In china, however, classical herb primers have clearly identified the acorus gramineus jinqianpu and acorus tatarinowii shichangpu species as most suitable for medicinal use. Pdf acorus calamus sweet flag is a wetland perennial monocot plant, in which. Many ethnomedicinal and ethnobotanical uses have been ascribed to the rhizomes of the plant. In rabbit aorta rings, crude extract was more potent against high k 80 mm, ethylacetate against phenylephrine 1. Due to varied uses, there has been demand for the plant. Acorus calamus grows either as wild or cultivated crop throughout india ascending upto 1800 meters in the himalayas.
They contain varying amounts of essential oil rich in mono and sesquiterpenes such as acorone. Leaves used wound to kil lice and stem for cough, cold, and toothache. There has been much hue and cry about the toxicity of a. Chinese medicine in traditional chinese medicine, sweet flag has been used for deafness, seizures and vertigo. Bach is a popular medicinal plant used in several ayurvedic formulations in india. Abstract acorus calamus sweet flag is a wetland perennial monocot plant, in which the scented leaves and rhizomes have been traditionally used medicinally against different ailments like, fever. Kumanan horticultural research station, tamilnadu agricultural university, pechiparai, 629161. Aerial part of acorus calamus swelling and for constipation. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. Acorus calamus is a tall perennial plant belonging to the acorus genus. Recent work has documented the existence of two separate species, a.
It is a main medhya drug, which has the property of improving the memory power and intellect. Acorus calamus supplement health benefits, dosage, side. This arrangement gives saturating impact on the skin. Dukes phytochemical and ethnobotanical databases at nal. Plant products are used as main source of medicine throughout the world for treating various human ailments. It has medicinal uses for a wide variety of ailments. Accepted 8 july, 2010 acorus calamus sweet flag is a wetland perennial monocot plant, in which the scented leaves and. Sweet flag is presently classified as an unsafe herb for internal usage by the fda. Acorus calamus also called sweet flag or calamus, among many common names is a species of flowering plant, a tall wetland monocot of the family acoraceae, in the genus acorus.
Many plants are found to possess reliable pharmacological properties and have started to attract the attention of researchers. It has many traditional uses all over the world and is wellknown as a digestive and carminative. Acorus calamus is a semiaquatic, perennial aromatic herb. Zhongguo zhong yao za zhi, insulin sensitizing activity of ethyl acetate fraction of acorus calamus l. The medicinal plant names are ginko biloba, acorus calamus, cinnamomum zelayanicum, and glycyrrhiza glabra. Toxicity mammalian toxicity and carcinogenicity of asarones. Having a certain quality management system, we are willingly active in bringing forth a comprehensive variety of acorus calamus extract. Acorus calamus is not in the expanded monograph processing cue. It may be used in cases of flatulent colic, atonic dyspepsia, feebleness of the digestive organs, and to aid the action of cinchona or quinine in intermittents as recommended by ayurved. Pdf chemical and pesticidal studies on acorus calamus. It is used in ayurveda, siddha, unani and homeopathy for domestic consumption and export purposes.
Nutritional values and nutritional facts of vacha acorus calamus vacha contains basic oil, for example, asarone, calemen, calamenos and calameon. In the ayurvedic system of medicine, the rhizomes of. It is a main medhya drug, which has the property of impr. Jcm free fulltext role of vacha acorus calamus linn. Acorus calamus is a herb used for the appetite and as an aid to the digestion. It is indeed interesting to see that ayurvedic texts like the cakradatta have recommended the purification of calamus root before use. Sweet flag acorus calamus is commonly known drug in traditional system of medicine. The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive uptodate report on its ethnomedicinal use, phytochemistry, and pharmacotherapeutic potential, while. The family araceae comprise with reference to 110 genera in addition to more than 1,800 species. It is a tall perennial wetland monocot with scented leaves and more strongly scented rhizomes, which have been used medicinally, for its odor, and as an allegedly psychotropic drug. Although the preparation of this species and the ailments it treats vary somewhat.
Information regarding the known ethnobotanical and economic uses of the rhizome and aromatic essential oil as a flavoring agent is given, as well as its medicinal uses and value as an insecticide. Medicinal and aromatic plant pdf free download by icar ecourse. Commonly known as sweet flag, belongs to the family araceae adoraceae. Thus, the question arises whether structural analogues of the known phase i metabolites also naturally occur in a. Phytochemicals of acorus calamus sweet flag journal of. Lewis carroll uses the plant in through the lookingglass as a symbol of the fleeting nature of childhood. It has been long known for its medicinal value, it is wild or. Nov 22, 2014 this page was last edited on 22 november 2014, at 06. Pdf acorus calamus sweet flag is a wetland perennial monocot plant, in which the. Araceae, is an indigenous plant, traditionally it is used as an ingredient of various cocktail preparations and for the management of severe inflammatory disorders in indian system of medicine. The structure of the compound was confirmed by chemical and spectroscopic techniques including high resolution 1hnmr, cnmr, hh cosy and hmbc. This plant is being practiced traditionally in the indian ayurvedic tradition, as well as in the. The leaves and rhizomes of these wetland monocot plants have a strong fragrance.
It is a tall perennial wetland monocot with scented leaves and more strongly scented rhizomes, which have been used medicinally, for its. It is used in ailments like bronchitis, nervous disorders, colic, chest pain, diarrhoea, flatulence, ingestion, rheumatism, cough, fever, depression, tumors, skin diseases, acts as cryoprotective. Interestingly, the distribution of native american tribes reported to use acorus corresponds to the range of the native species. Rhizome use in emetic, kil lice nervous system, throat infection diarrheal, smallpox, respiratory,gastrointestinal track,gout rheumatism and mental disorder treatment. Acorus calamus sweet flag preferred water depth and inundation tolerance prefers 620 inches max. It has been used for centuries, however, in ayurvedic medicine as a renowned rejuvenator of the nervous system for conditions of anxiety, hysteria, insomnia, neurasthenia, and other nervous complaints. Introduction herbal plants are used in a world wide. The concentrate of a calamus root is one of the significant constituents in the definition of general tonic in regard of hair. Although used in traditional medicine over centuries to treat digestive disorders and pain, there is no clinical evidence for its safety or efficacy and ingested calamus may be toxic leading to its commercial. It originated in europe but extensively used in ayurveda, particularly to enhance memory. Acorus calamus has been found to contain an alkaloid that may be carcinogenic.
The extracts of medicinal plants hemidesmus indicus l. Acorus calamus root and oil health benefits, uses, effects. In india and europe, it is the calamus variety that is used almost exclusively in herbal remedies and food flavorings. Plant, count artemisia ludoviciana white sage, 242 achillea millefolium yarrow, 257 acorus calamus calamus, 259 rumex crispus curly dock, 150 artemisia tridentata sagebrush, 250 mentha arvensis wild mint, 234 sambucus nigra black elderberry, 303 cornus sericea red osier. It can cause kidney damage, shaking, and seizures the fda prohibits calamus use in food products because three of the four species of calamus found in the world contain a cancercausing chemical called betaisoasarone. Acorus calamus sweet flag calamus pfaf plant database. A clinical study on the management of generalized anxiety. Taking cue from physical and economic scarcity farmers in karnataka have planned for the. The ethnobotany of sweet flag, acorus calamus araceae. Araceae commonly known as sweet flag, sweet sedge, myrtle flag is a semiaquatic, perennial, aromatic.
Ayurveda, unani, siddha and chinese medicine for the. In normotensive anesthetized rats, crude extract of acorus calamus and its ethylacetate and nhexane fractions caused a fall in mean arterial pressure. The former is an introduced sterile triploid, while the latter is a native fertile diploid. A continuing gradual decline of this species is taking place in the population of the northeastern himalayas. A fluid extract is an official preparation in the united states and some other pharmacopceias, but it is not. Amelioration of cisplatininduced nephrotoxicity by extracts. In addition, a discussion of the nomenclature, history, and folklore of acorus calamus is included. For healthy skin, the concentrate of vacha, lactose is utilized as a part of making shower arrangement. The rhizome of the plant has medicinal properties against bugs. Due to its growing medicinal use, it is being rapidly extracted from wild. Blood pressurelowering and vascular modulator effects of.
The members of this family are rhizomatous or tuberous herbs. Due to its medicinal uses, the rhizome of sweet flag is in high demand and thus overexploited. Present study investigated the attenuating role of acorus calamus plant extract in chronic constriction. Acorus calamus scientific validation of ayurvedic tradition from. The scented leaves and rhizomes of sweet flag have been traditionally used as a medicine and the dried and powdered rhizome has a spicy flavour and is used as. Its aroma makes calamus essential oil valued in the perfume industry. It is well known for its bitter taste, spiciness and its aromatic smell. Sweet flag has long been known for its medicinal value, and has been cultivated in asia for this reason. Calamus root acorus calamus calamus is an herb that thrives in semiaquatic environments and in a terrain of mud and sludge found along the shallow banks of lakes and ponds similar to the muddled state of mind that it apparently is well known for treating. An overview on traditional uses and pharmacological profile.
Rajput in his abstract in an overview on traditional uses and pharmacological profile of acorus calamus mention the many properties from acorus. Sweet flag is useful for the treatment of skin infections such as eczema and scabies. Ten plant species with the largest number of medicinal uses. Phase i metabolism of asarone isomers results in a multiple spectrum of genotoxic metabolites. Traditional uses of wetland medicinal plant acorus calamus. It is a highly valued herb as it acts as a rejuvenator for brain and nervous system. An overview on various properties and pharmacological. The herb rarely produces in vitro method of vegetative multiplication of acorus calamus would have considerable benefits for the medicinal trade and germplasm conservation. Medicinal properties of acorus calamus kumar amit, vandana rajendra institute of medical sciences, ranchi, jharkhand, india834009 corresponding authors email. The ancient egyptians rarely mentioned the plant in medicinal contexts the aforementioned.
It has been an item of trade in many cultures for thousands of years. Donepezil was taken as a cognition enhancer standard drug. Dec 29, 2015 acorus calamus is used as a sedative to induce sweating. Acorus calamus sweet flag is a wetland perennial monocot plant, in which the scented leaves and rhizomes have been traditionally used medicinally against different ailments like, fever, asthma, bronchitis, cough and mainly for digestive problems such as gas, bloating, colic, and poor digestive. Calamus oil is used in perfumery an alcoholate is made with 3 kilos to 3. Pdf traditional uses of wetland medicinal plant acorus. Acorus calamus, commonly known as sweet flag or calamus sanskrit. Acorus calamus medicinal uses the root is carminative, slightly tonic, and excitant, and forms a useful adjunct to other tonics and stimulants.
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